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plant-basedguthealth101:whyimmunity,metabolism,andlongevitystartinthegutwrittenby:dahliamarin,rdn,ldandjamesmarin,rd,enlongevity,diseaseprevention,energy,immunity…everyhealthbuzzwordcomesbacktoonething:yourgut.well,technicallythetrillionsofmicrobesprocessingthenutrientsfromthefoodsyoueat.andwhenitcomestoguthealth,theplant-baseddietisasuperstarpromoter.simplybyconsumingavarietyoffruits,vegetables,greens,nuts,seeds,beans,legumes,spices,andherbseveryday,you’repumpingyourbodywithamega-doseoffiber,macronutrientsandmicronutrientsthatplayasignificantroleinahealthyflowingandbalancedgutmicrobiome.butifguthealthisaseasyaseatingplants,whyisitsuchahottopic—evenamongstplant-basedeaters?becauseit’snotquiteaseasyas“justeatplants.”painfultohear,weknow.asplant-basedregistereddietitiannutritionistsspecializinginguthealth,wehearfromclientsdailythattheirguthealthimprovedtremendouslywithaplant-baseddiet…andyetthey’restillexperiencingsymptomslikebloating,gas,constipation,fatigue,andabdominalpains.orarguablyworse,notexperiencingthepositiveimmunesupport,brainfunction,andenergyboostthatcomefromagutfunctioningoptimally.sowhat’stheanswer?inthispost,we’llpullfrom10+yearsofexperience,helpingthousandsofpatientsidentifyandunderstandtheirguthealthproblemstosharetheinsandoutsofahealthygut,plusthesimplestepsyoucantaketodaytooptimizeyours.thebestpart?ifyou’realreadyeatingaplant-baseddiet,you’releapsandboundsaheadofmostpeople.considerthehardpartdone.nowcomesthefunpart—simplehabitstohelpyourgutthrive! whyguthealthissocritical(evenforplant-basedeaters) 70%ofyourimmunesystemislocatedwithinyourgut.immunecellsinteractwiththebacteriainyourgut,andthemorebalancedthatbacteriais,thehappierthoseimmunecellsbecome.butthat’snotall—yourgutalsoproducesnearlyallofyourserotonin(thehappinesshormone),expendsupto20%ofyourenergythroughdigestion,regulatesyourmetabolism,andsomuchmore.thismakesimprovingguthealththesinglemostimportantthingwecandoforbothourshort-andlong-termhealth.butwhatdoes“guthealth”reallymean?whenwetalkaboutahealthygut,wearereferringtothehealthofthemicrobiomeandviromethatresidesinthedigestivetract.thesearelikemini-ecosystemsofvastlifethatresideinsideofus,withthemicrobiotabeingmadeupofcountlessmicrobesincludingbacteria,yeast,fungi,protozoa,andarchaeaplayinganimportantroleindigestionandnutrientsynthesis.justasadiverseecosystemofanimals,insects,andplantssupportthecircleoflifeinthenaturalworld,eachmicrobeplaysitspartinyourgutecosystem—supportingeachotherinoneformoranotherandcommunicatingwithsystemicorgansincludingyourheart,liver,pancreas,skin,reproductiveorgans,brain,andmore.thegutmicrobiomeisresponsibleforimportantfunctionsinourgutsuchasthesynthesisofvitamins,essentialaminoacids,andgut-repairingshort-chainfattyacids.butlet’stakealookattwoofthemostimportantfunctionsofthegut,andhowtheywork: 1.immunesupportabout70%ofourimmunecellsrootinourgut.aninfectionorimbalanceinthegutcancommunicatestresssystemically,andvice-versa.yourgoodgutbacteriaisalsopartiallyresponsibleforhelpingprepareyourimmunesystemtofightoffviralinvaders,somaintainingthebalanceofyourgutmicrobiotaisimportanttoyourimmunesystemfunction.2.metabolism yourgutmicrobesareresponsibleforthesynthesisofdifferentvitaminssuchasvitaminsb5,b12,andvitamink,aswellasmakingshort-chainfattyacids(scfas)outofunabsorbedsugarsinyourdigestivetract.thesescfasarethenusedasfuelbyyourdigestivetractmucosa,keepingithealthyandfunctioningasitshould.vitaminkhelpsourbodiesclotourbloodaswellasmanagingtheamountsofgoodandbadcholesterolwehaveinourbodies.deficiencyinb5andb12vitaminshasactuallybeenlinkedtogidiscomfort,makingitthatmuchmoreimportanttokeepourmicrobiomesdiverseandflourishing.isyourguthealthy?herearethewarningsigns haveyoueverheardof“gutbugs?”that’showweliketorefertogutmicrobes,andtherearetrillionsofthemlivingwithinyourgastrointestinaltract.thebalanceofthesegutbugsisessentialtoahealthygut,andsoisthepaceoftheirflowthroughyourdigestivetract.whengutbugsareoutofbalance,itcantriggerwarningsignslike:regularbloatingexcessivegasconstipationnauseabrainfogdiarrheaacidrefluxornon-gutsymptomslike:lowenergyandpersistentfatiguetroublesleepingorinsomniaskinirritations,likeeczemaordermatitisfrequentmoodchangesanxietystrongfoodcravingsforfoods,includingsugar,andrefinedcarbohydratesjointpainpost-nasaldriporconstantthroatclearingthinkofafloodhappeninginanaturalecosystem;someanimalsaredrivenoutwhileothersflourish.animbalanceisrarelygoodfortheecosystemandcanleadtothedominanceofaplantoranimalthatcausesfurtherharmtoeverythingelse.inyourbody,theseuncomfortablesymptomscanbecausedbydysbiosis(theimbalanceofbacterialivinginthegut)ordysmotility(suboptimalgutflow)andshouldbegivenspecialattention.andwhendysbiosisordysmotilityarepresent,eventhepurestwholefoodplant-basedeatersmayrunintotheseuncomfortablesymptoms.fortunately,mostofthecommonsymptomscanberesolvedthroughminorlifestyleandnutritiontweaks.weseethisoverandoveragaininthepatientsweworkwith…takedanny,forexample(arealpatientwithareallymade-upname).dannyisaprofessionalplant-basedchefwhohadbeenfollowingawholefoodplant-baseddietfor10yearspriortocomingtous.shewasfedupwithhersymptomsofdailyuncomfortablegas,bloating,andconstipation,whichinterferedwithherevenwantingtotastethedeliciousplant-basedrecipesshewascreating. orthere’sgina,a3-yearplant-basedeaterwhowantedtoreducethebloatingsheexperiencedaftermealsassheworksasayogainstructor.oranna,aplant-basedchiropractorwhohadtrainedinsomeoftheworld’smostrenownedplant-basedfacilities,learningthespecificsofoptimalplant-basedeating,yetstillcouldn’tgettothebottomofwhatwasdrivingherdailystomachdiscomfort.ineachofthesesituations,afewminorlifestyletweaksliketheonesoutlinedbelowleadallthreeofthesepatientstoexperienceanover80%reductionintheirsymptomsinarelativelyshortperiodoftime.8simplewaystoimproveyourguthealth 1.introducemore‘goodgut’foods. inourhouse,foodsfallintooneoftwocategories:goodgutfoods,whicharetypicallyhighinfiberandmicronutrientsandcontributepositivelytothegut.other‘sometimes’foodsthatdon’tcontributetoguthealthtoowell,thatweconsumeinmoderation.thesimplestthingyoucandotosupportguthealthistointroducemoregoodgutfoodsintoyourdietandreducetheonesthataren’t.seasonalfoodsandnutrient-denseproduceareagreatwaytofeedyourhealthygutbugs.herearesomeofthefoodsthattopour“goodgutfood”list:veggiesandgreens:arugulabokchoybroccolifloretscarrotsjapanesesweetpotatookraradishessproutszucchiniwintersquashfruits:bananas(especiallygreenerbananas,whicharehigherinresistantstarch,whichissogoodforyourgut!)blackberriesblueberriesclementinekiwis(greenorgolden)papayapomegranatepricklypearnutsandseeds:almondsbarunutsbrazilnutschiaseedsflaxseedshempseedspumpkinseedswalnutsbeansandlegumes:lentilschickpeasedamame(soybeans)mungbeansadzukibeanstofutempeh(fermentedsoybeans)wholegrainsbuckwheatmilletoatsquinoaamaranthfoniosproutedwheatother:cilantrogingermiso(fermentedsoyorchickpeapaste)parsleypeppermintfermentedfoodslikekimchiorsauerkrauttahini(sesameseedpaste)vinegars 2.eat30+plantsperweek(atleast!). theamericangutprojectfoundthatindividualswhoconsumed30ormoredifferentplantfoodseachweekhadasignificantlymorediversegutmicrobiomecomparedwiththosewhoate10orfewerperweek.thishasbeencorrelatedwithincreasingyourmicrobialproductionofshortchainfattyacids(scfas)anddecreasingantibioticresistantmicrobes(superbugs).combined,thesemeanhealthiergutstructureandapossibledecreaseofintestinalinflammation.inotherwords,eatingaplant-baseddietisoneofthebestfirststepsyoucantaketoimproveyourguthealth,butvarietyisjustasimportant.onthesurface,30maysoundoverwhelming,solet’sbreakdownanexampledayandseehowmanywecanget:breakfast:carrotcakeovernightoatmealwithfruitandnuts(soakingoatsovernightincreasestheresistantstarchandactivatessolublefiber)oats(welikeoatgroatsorsteel-cutoats)flaxseedschiaseedscomplementproteinpowderwalnutsshreddedcarrotsraisinsdatescinnamonsnack:fruit&proteinappleorpearalmondbuttercelerylunch:grainbowl quinoalentilssproutsredbellpeppercucumbertomatocarrotsyummyplant-baseddressingofchoicesnack:smoothiebananaorangespinachzucchinisoymilkhempseedsdinner:veggieandbeanpastaandmixedgreenssaladchickpeapastabroccolioniongarlicbasilkaleromainelettuceredleaflettucebeetssnappeassunflowerseedsvinegarherbs&spicesthat’s39differentplantsinasingleday.whenyouaccountforeachplant,herbs,andspices,suddenly30plantsbeforetheendoftheweekdoesn’tseemaschallenging!still,eating30+differentplantsperweekrequiresyoutobeintentionalaboutthevarietyyouincorporatethroughoutyourmeals,andreally,30shouldbetheminimum.3.eatslowly. properdigestionstartsinyourmouth.itis,afterall,thefirstportionofthedigestivetract,andagreatstartcanhelpfacilitateagreatending!chewingyourfoodthoroughlycanbeessentialtoproperdigestion.quicklyscarfingdownfoodusuallyleadsyoutoalsoinhalequiteabitofairbetweenbites,whichcanleadtobloatinganddiscomfortafterward. chewingfoodsuntilthebiteissmoothandnolongerchunkycanhelptherestofthedownstreamdigestionandabsorptionthatwillhappeninthestomach,smallintestine,andlargeintestine,helpingyouabsorbmorenutrientsandfeelyourbestafterthemeal.ifyou’reseeinglargepiecesofundigestedfoodinyourstool,thatcanbeasignofdigestivedistressandimproperchewing.whenweeatcarbohydrates,oursalivacontainsdigestiveenzymesthathelpusbetterbreakdownanddigestthem.thiscanevenmatterwhenconsumingcarbsthatdon’tneedchewing,likesmoothies.chewingthemabitinyourmouthcanhelpslowdownhowquicklyyoufinishthemandcanhelpreducebloatyoumayexperiencewhendrinkingthem.suggestiveresearchshowsthatthebetterapersonchewsthemorelikelytheyaretostimulateguthormonesthathelpregulatesatiety. 4.consciouslychooseyourcookwareandcleaningproducts. whatyoucookandstoreyourfoodinwillultimatelymakeitswayintoyourgut.wesuggestswappingoutplastic,aluminum,andotherknownendocrinedisruptorswithmaterialsincludingglass,ceramic,stainlesssteel,andcastiron.onestudyfoundthatendocrinedisruptorshaveinteractionswithfoodandthegutmicrobiota.theproductsandbyproductsreleasedfollowingthemicrobialmetabolismofendocrinedisruptorscanbetakenupbythehost,changingthecompositionofmicrobiota. 5.avoidantibiotics,unlessnecessary. wearesofortunatetobealiveinatimewhenmedicineisprettyaccessibletomostpeopleindevelopednations.thiseasyaccessibilityhascausedexcessuseinbothhumansandanimalsraisedforconsumptioninthepastfewdecades,whichleadstoantibioticresistanceinhumansandcontaminationofwatersourcesfromanimalrun-off.inyourgut,antibioticresistancecreatesbadgutbugsthatareresistanttoantibiotics(superbugs)thatcandriveupinflammationiftheyover-populatethebody.antibioticscanbetrulylifesavingiftakenwhennecessary,buttheycanalsooff-setthedelicatebalanceinthegut.onestudyshowedthatasinglecourseofantibioticscanhaveeffectslastinguptotwoyearsonthebalanceinthegutmicrobiome.speakwithyourcareteamtotakeantibioticswhenit'swarranted,trytoavoidthemiflifestyleandotherpreventivemeasurescanbeusedinstead. 6.exerciseconsistently. theusdahealthypeople2022guidelinesrecommendatleast150minutesofmoderatetointenseactivityperweek.werecommendasmuchaspossible!anhourofconsciousmovementandexercisemakesitswayintoeachdayofourlivesandhelpssupportourgutmovementakagutmotility.studiesshowthatmoderateexercisecandecreaseconstipationandbloating. andno,couchsurfingdoesn’tcount!sorry. 7.reducestress(asbestaspossible). stressofanykind–physical,mental&emotional,orchemical–cantakeatollonyourgoodgutbugs.addressingstressorsandfindingoutletsforthemcanbekeytohelpingyourgutfeelitsabsolutebest.studiesshowthat40-60%ofthosediagnosedwithirritablebowelsyndrome(ibs)havealsobeendiagnosedwithanxiety.whatstressesyourmindorbodycandefinitelystressyourgut.remember,wearemoremicrobialdnathanhumandna,andthey’resensitivetoo! 8.incorporateevidence-basednutrients. evenwithadiverseplant-centereddiet,increasingtheintakeofcertainvitaminsandmineralscanhavearapidanddramaticimpactonimprovingyourgut.rememberdanny,theplant-basedchefweintroducedearlier? afteridentifyingafewdeficienciesinherbloodwork,wehadhersupplementwithadditional:pre-activatedbvitamins,includingb1,b5,andb6,whichareallessentialformotilityandoptimalbrainfunction.suggestiveresearchshowsthatb-vitaminsarerequiredfordifferentimmuneresponsesrelatedtoguthealth.molybdenumtohelpmetabolize/break-downsulfur,toreducetheamountofhydrogensulfidegasproduced.thistypeofgascannotonlycausemalodorousgasstrongenoughtocleararoom,itcansignificantlyslowdownmotility,causinguncomfortablebloat.gingertohelpsupportmotilityandahealthygutrhythm.pepperminttoalsosupportmotility.welikerecommendingdrinkingstrongpeppermintteabetweenmealstohelpgetthefoodmovingthroughthedigestivetract.thathelpedrestorehergutmotilityandgutbalancewhichinreturnreducedherdiscomfortandbloating.inadditiontothosewerecommendedtodanny,nutrientadditionsthatcantypicallyleadtoimprovedguthealthare:horsechestnut,apotentantioxidanttohelpbalancethegutmicrobiomeandsupportthegut-immuneconnection.alowfodmap,lessfermentableprebioticfibertofeedtheanti-inflammatorygutflora,whichcanhelpbringdownbloodsugar,cholesterol,appetite,andmore.apost-biotic-apotentend-productoffermentationofprebioticfibersbyprobioticsandothermicrobes.licoriceroottohelpsootheanyirritationsfeltinthegutandsupporttheintegrityoftheliningoftheguttopotentiallydecreaseinflammationinandaroundthegut. shouldyoutakeaprobiotic? probioticswerealltherageforawhile,withcompaniesandinfluencerstellingyouthattheywouldsolveeverybelch,bloat,andbumpinyourbody.thatstartedinpartbecauseforalongtime,healthcarepractitionersweretoldtorecommendprobioticsaftereachcourseofantibioticstakentorestoregoodbacteriawhichmayhavebeenwipedout.butathorough2018studyoutofisrealdiscoveredprobioticsupportmaynotbeinourbestinterestafterall.thestudyshowedthosetakingnon-specificprobioticsafteracourseofantibioticstookthelongesttorecovertheiroriginalgutmicrobiomeandthegoodbugsthatliveinit.sowhatdowerecommendinstead?eatingplentyofprebioticfiber-richfoodsaftertakingantibioticstonaturallyfeedandrestorethehealthygutbugswewantback.now,tobeclear,probioticsaren’talwaysbadforyou.infact,a2017studypublishedintheeuropeanreviewformedicalandpharmacologicalscienceseshasfoundthataspecificstrainofprobiotic,lactobacillusreuteri,canreducemethanegasinthedigestivetractbyasmuchas30%.thiscanhelpreducebloatandgasasmethanegasisknowntoslowdownthedigestivetract.therefore,l.reuteriresultsinreducingthegutmethanogenicflora,thenincreasingbowelmovementshelpingwithconstipation.whatwedon’trecommendisunnecessarilytakingexpensiveprobioticsthatyoulikelydon’tneedifyouconsumeadiversediet.researchsuggeststhatitisidealtolookattheoriginofthemicrobes,speciesandstrains,testing,andpotencywhenchoosingaprobioticsupplement.notallprobioticswillhavewhatthelabelsaysithas,notallstrainswillhaveabenefit,notallsupplementswillmakeitpastyourstomachacidandbile,andtherecanbesomenegativesideeffectsalongtheway. don’tflushyourguthealthdownthetoilet guthealthisalltheragerightnownotbecauseit’sdifficulttoachieve—aswementionedbefore,ifyoueataplant-baseddiet,you’realreadydoingthehardestpart.it’soneveryone’smindbecauseit’ssoimportant,withcountlessnewstudiesdrivingthatpointhomeandhopefully,ontoyourplate! soquitthinkingaboutyourgutasjustaplacetoprocessfoodandproducewaste,andinsteadtreatitlikethedelicateecosystemthatitis…onethatifkeptbalanced,willleadyoutowardsastrongerimmunesystem,bettermetabolism,lowermortalityrate,improvedsleepandenergy,loweranxiety,andday-to-dayabdominalcomfort.wehopewe’vegivenyouencouragementtocontinueyourjourneytowardoptimizingyourguthealth,evenbeyondthewaysyourplant-basedlifestylehas! references:u.s.departmentofagricultureandu.s.departmentofhealthandhumanservices.dietaryguidelinesforamericans,2020-2025.9thedition.december2020.availableatdietaryguidelines.gov.hunt,r.,quigley,e.,abbas,z.,eliakim,a.,emmanuel,a.,goh,k.l.,guarner,f.,katelaris,p.,smout,a.,umar,m.,whorwell,p.,johanson,j.,saenz,r.,besançon,l.,ndjeuda,e.,horn,j.,hungin,p.,jones,r.,krabshuis,j.,&lemair,a.(2014).copingwithcommongastrointestinalsymptomsinthecommunity.journalofclinicalgastroenterology,48(7),567–578.https://doi.org/10.1097/mcg.0000000000000141jernberg,c.,löfmark,s.,edlund,c.etal.long-termecologicalimpactsofantibioticadministrationonthehumanintestinalmicrobiota.ismej1,56–66(2007).https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2007.3 levy,r.l.,olden,k.w.,naliboff,b.d.,bradley,l.a.,francisconi,c.,drossman,d.a.,&creed,f.(2006).psychosocialaspectsofthefunctionalgastrointestinaldisorders.gastroenterology,130(5),1447–1458.https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2005.11.057 miquel-kergoat,sophie;azais-braesco,veronique;burton-freeman,britt;hetherington,marionm.(2015).effectsofchewingonappetite,foodintakeandguthormones:asystematicreviewandmeta-analysis.physiology&behavior,151(),88–96.doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.07.017nationalinstituteofenvironmentalhealthsciences.(n.d.).endocrinedisruptors.retrievedmarch3,2022,fromhttps://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/endocrine/index.cfm peyrotdesgachons,c.,&breslin,p.a.s.(2016).salivaryamylase:digestionandmetabolicsyndrome.currentdiabetesreports,16(10).https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-016-0794-7 quigleye.m.(2013).gutbacteriainhealthanddisease.gastroenterology&hepatology,9(9),560–569.wang,y.,jiang,y.,deng,y.,yi,c.,wang,y.,ding,m.,…wong,a.(2020).probioticsupplements:hopeorhype?frontiersinmicrobiology,11.doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.00160zmora,n.,zilberman-schapira,g.,suez,j.,mor,u.,dori-bachash,m.,bashiardes,s.,kotler,e.,zur,m.,regev-lehavi,d.,brik,r.b.z.,federici,s.,cohen,y.,linevsky,r.,rothschild,d.,moor,a.e.,ben-moshe,s.,harmelin,a.,itzkovitz,s.,maharshak,n.,...elinav,e.(2018).personalizedgutmucosalcolonizationresistancetoempiricprobioticsisassociatedwithuniquehostandmicrobiomefeatures.cell,174(6),1388–1405.e21.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2018.08.041
Plant-Based Gut Health 101: Why Immunity, Metabolism, and Longevity Start in the Gut